Despite India having the world’s highest neonatal death rate (43 per 1000 live births), recent data from The Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2020 indicates a decline in infant mortality. Improved healthcare infrastructure, better access to services, and maternal and child health programs contribute to this positive trend. However, the rate of infant mortality is still considerably high in India.

What are the factors that contribute to the high infant mortality rates?

Poverty: Poverty is a major factor that influences the rate of infant mortality in India. 

Malnutrition: Malnutrition can lead to low birth weight, which is a leading cause of infant mortality in India

Lack of healthcare facilities: Lack of healthcare facilities is a significant issue in rural India. Many primary health centres lack facilities such as specialized doctors, beds, clean water, bathrooms, etc.

Lack of immunization. 

Poor sanitation: Poor sanitation can lead to the spread of diseases that can cause infant mortality, such as diarrhoea and pneumonia.

Lack of awareness about healthcare: Lack of awareness about healthcare is another cultural factor that contributes to high infant mortality rates in India.

Some other causes-

Place of childbirth: Many women in India give birth at home. Often homes are not equipped with proper facilities. This can increase the risk of infant mortality. 

Traditional birth practices: Traditional birth practices, such as delayed cord clamping, can also contribute to high infant mortality rates in India. Delayed cord clamping can lead to an increased risk of neonatal anaemia and hypothermia.

Gender discrimination: Gender discrimination is another cultural factor. Female infants are more likely to die than male infants due to neglect, malnutrition, and other factors.